"The oracle of the word of the Lord to Israel by Malachi [(מַלְאָכִֽי)]" (Mal. 1:1, RSV).
"'Behold, I send my messenger [(מַלְאָכִ֔י)] to prepare the way before me" (Mal. 3:1, RSV).
Friday, August 31, 2012
Thursday, August 30, 2012
Dies Irae
"(Lat., ‘Day of wrath’), the opening words, and hence the name, of the sequence in the Mass for the Dead in the W[estern] Church. It is now thought to go back to a rhymed prayer of late 12th-cent[ury] Benedictine origin. To this prayer, depicting the soul awaiting judgement, a Franciscan . . . has added a greater sense of urgency, reflecting the eschatological mood of the mid-13th cent[ury]. The first printed Missal containing it as the sequence for Requiem Masses is that of Venice, 1485. Until 1969 its use was obligatory. . . . It may now . . . be omitted. . . ."
"Dies Irae" The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. Ed. F. L. Cross and E. A. Livingstone.© Oxford University Press 2005. The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church: (e-reference edition). Oxford University Press. Seattle Pacific University. 30 August 2012 http://ezproxy.spu.edu/login?url=http://www.oxford-christianchurch.com/entry?entry=t257.e2035.
The sequence itself, as notated in The new Grove dictionary of music and musicians, 2nd ed., ed. Stanley Sadie (New York: Grove Dictionaries Inc., 2001), s.v. "Dies Irae" (vol. 7, p. 332-333), by John Caldwell and Malcolm Boyd:
"Dies Irae" The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. Ed. F. L. Cross and E. A. Livingstone.© Oxford University Press 2005. The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church: (e-reference edition). Oxford University Press. Seattle Pacific University. 30 August 2012 http://ezproxy.spu.edu/login?url=http://www.oxford-christianchurch.com/entry?entry=t257.e2035.
The sequence itself, as notated in The new Grove dictionary of music and musicians, 2nd ed., ed. Stanley Sadie (New York: Grove Dictionaries Inc., 2001), s.v. "Dies Irae" (vol. 7, p. 332-333), by John Caldwell and Malcolm Boyd:
Douai-Reims Bible
"The version of the Bible in use among English-speaking R[oman ]C[atholic]s for more than three centuries. It was the work of members of the English College at Douai. . . . It claimed to provide a version free from the heretical renderings in the earlier English Bibles. The work was begun at Douai, but owing to the migration of the college to Reims in 1578, the NT was completed in that city and published there in 1582. The OT, which did not appear till 1609–10, was published at Douai, whither the college had returned in the meantime. The translation, which was made not from the original languages but from the Latin Vulgate, was painstaking and reached a high standard of consistency, but was often too literal to be suitable for use in public worship or private devotional reading. . . . Its language exercised considerable influence on the text of the Authorized Version. Modern editions of this translation are based on the revision made by R. Challoner in 1749. . . ."
"Douai–Reims Bible" The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. Ed. F. L. Cross and E. A. Livingstone.© Oxford University Press 2005. The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church: (e-reference edition). Oxford University Press. Seattle Pacific University. 30 August 2012 http://ezproxy.spu.edu/login?url=http://www.oxford-christianchurch.com/entry?entry=t257.e2136.
"Douai–Reims Bible" The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. Ed. F. L. Cross and E. A. Livingstone.© Oxford University Press 2005. The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church: (e-reference edition). Oxford University Press. Seattle Pacific University. 30 August 2012 http://ezproxy.spu.edu/login?url=http://www.oxford-christianchurch.com/entry?entry=t257.e2136.
Thursday, August 2, 2012
Tarshish
"Because of the ambiguity regarding the identification of Tarshish, we are not able to say with confidence where Jonah was heading when he set sail from Joppa. All we can be sure of is that he was going west, and that he thought he would be leaving his God behind."
The Anchor Bible dictionary, ed. David Noel Freedman (6 vols., New York, NY: Doubleday, 1992), s.v. "Tarshish," by David W. Baker (vol. 6, p. 333 (331-333)). Cf. C. H. Gordon in the Interpreter's dictionary of the Bible (5 vols., Nashville, TN: Abingdon Press, 1962, 1976): "A far-off, and sometimes idealized, port that cannot be identified with any one location" (vol. 4, p. 517).
The Anchor Bible dictionary, ed. David Noel Freedman (6 vols., New York, NY: Doubleday, 1992), s.v. "Tarshish," by David W. Baker (vol. 6, p. 333 (331-333)). Cf. C. H. Gordon in the Interpreter's dictionary of the Bible (5 vols., Nashville, TN: Abingdon Press, 1962, 1976): "A far-off, and sometimes idealized, port that cannot be identified with any one location" (vol. 4, p. 517).
Flannelgraph
A "Means of bringing Bible characters and scenes to life by placing felt or felt-backed figures on a felt background. Some sets have as many as six hundred characters and objects. Illustrating a Bible story with these finely detailed characters helps to hold the interest of children. . . ."
Evangelical dictionary of Christian education, ed. Michael J. Anthony (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2001), s.v. "Flannelgraph" (p. 297), by Barbara Wyman.
Evangelical dictionary of Christian education, ed. Michael J. Anthony (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2001), s.v. "Flannelgraph" (p. 297), by Barbara Wyman.
Sackcloth and ashes
"SACKCLOTH. . . . A rough material made from the hair of a goat or camel. . . . In ancient sources, the term frequently appears (often alongside ASHES) within the context of A[ncient ]N[ear ]E[astern] and biblical rites of MOURNING or as an expression of repentance. . . .
"Sackcloth (along with ashes) traditionally represented an expression of mourning, . . . a sign of repentance, . . . or the judgment of God. . . ."
"ASHES. . . . Ashes are often mentioned in connection with DUST and SACKCLOTH as signs of MOURNING, GRIEF, and humiliation; . . . the application of ashes to the head and body at times of personal and national crisis, often accompanied by FASTING, indicated penitence. . . ."
The new interpreter's dictionary of the Bible, ed. Katherine Doob Sakenfeld et al. (5 vols., Nashville, TN: Abingdon Press, 2006), s.v. "Sackcloth," by Brian B. Schmidt (vol. 5, p. 16), and "Ashes," by Judith R. Baskin (vol. 1, p. 299).
"Sackcloth (along with ashes) traditionally represented an expression of mourning, . . . a sign of repentance, . . . or the judgment of God. . . ."
"ASHES. . . . Ashes are often mentioned in connection with DUST and SACKCLOTH as signs of MOURNING, GRIEF, and humiliation; . . . the application of ashes to the head and body at times of personal and national crisis, often accompanied by FASTING, indicated penitence. . . ."
The new interpreter's dictionary of the Bible, ed. Katherine Doob Sakenfeld et al. (5 vols., Nashville, TN: Abingdon Press, 2006), s.v. "Sackcloth," by Brian B. Schmidt (vol. 5, p. 16), and "Ashes," by Judith R. Baskin (vol. 1, p. 299).
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